Trailer
Driving school
theory book
for category B+ and BE
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Road signs and traffic rules that are particularly relevant when driving with a trailer.
§ Speed: The main rule is that the driving speed must always be adapted to the conditions, with particular consideration for the safety of others, and you must never drive faster than you can maintain full control of the vehicle. For a regular car with a trailer attached, the speed must not exceed 80 km/h. On highways, however, 100 km/h. At speed 100 approval.
E 55. Densely built-up area.
Means that the speed within the area should generally not exceed 50 km/h.
C 31. Total weight.
The sign prohibits driving with vehicles whose actual total weight is greater than that indicated. For road trains, the weight restriction applies to each vehicle in the train.
C 35. Axle load.
The sign prohibits driving with vehicles whose actual axle load is greater than the specified one. For single and double-axle trailers, the axle load is almost equal to the total weight.
C 55. Local speed limit.
If there is a local speed restriction in a densely built-up area that specifies a higher limit, a BE B+ combination may follow this higher limit.
C 32.
Total weight. The sign prohibits driving a combination of vehicles whose actual total weight is greater than that indicated.
C 36. Bogie pressure.
The sign prohibits driving vehicles whose actual pressure on an axle group (bogie pressure) or on a single axle is greater than the specified pressure.
C 41. Vehicle width.
The sign prohibits driving with vehicles whose width including loading is greater than the specified width.
C 42. Vehicle height.
The sign prohibits driving vehicles whose height including loading is higher than the specified height.
C 43. Vehicle length.
The sign prohibits driving vehicles, including road trains, whose total length including load is longer than the specified length.
E 42. Freeway.
E 43. Expressway.
Motorways and expressways may not be used when towing an unregistered trailer. If there are three or more lanes in the same direction on a motorway or expressway, cars with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3500 kg. and road trains longer than 7 m. may only use one of the two rightmost lanes. However, this does not apply if the placement in the third lane is a necessary preparation for turning or merging.
Towing another vehicle is totally prohibited.
E 37. Creep track.
The sign indicates a special lane to be used by vehicles,
traveling at a lower speed than that indicated for the other lane.
Speeding violations
Regarding any violation of applicable speed regulations, the penalty range will typically be:
"Minor" overrun = fine
Exceeding the limit by more than 40% = fine,
conditional disqualification of the driver's license and a control driving test
(theory test and practical driving test).
REMEMBER that the speed with an unregistered trailer
(e.g. a log splitter) is a maximum of 30 km per hour.
REMEMBER that 3 "points" within 3 years results in a conditional disqualification
a speeding violation of more than 30% results in 1 "point".
A 20. Queue.
The sign warns of a particular risk of congestion and is used at locations where dangerous congestion is likely to occur. Will normally only appear on roads with high traffic intensity outside urban areas. Remember to pay special attention and keep a safe distance from those in front.
Hazard warning lights MUST be used in connection with unexpected congestion or other immediate danger on highways.
Hazard warning lights CAN be used in connection with unexpected congestion or other immediate danger on other road types.
Control device (speed dials).
That the recording equipment must be used in a vehicle whose maximum permitted total weight including trailer or semi-trailer exceeds 3,500 kg. However, according to the EU regulation and executive order on driving and rest periods in road transport, certain vehicles are exempt from the driving and rest period regulations. If recording equipment is to be used, the regulations on recording equipment and the regulations on driving and resting times for the driver must be strictly observed. Violations can result in fines and disqualification from driving. The details of the recording equipment are laid down in the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonization of certain social legislation relating to road transport and in the Council Regulation on recording equipment in road transport.
In cars first registered after January 2007, the recording equipment must be a tachograph (digital tachograph), which requires a tachograph card issued by the police.
Road trains (e.g. vans with trailers) with a maximum permissible weight exceeding 3500 kg and used for the transportation of goods must be equipped with a recording device. The purpose of the device is to record how fast and how far the vehicle has traveled and when and for how long it has stopped. The purpose is to be able to check whether the driving and rest period regulations have been complied with during a certain period. The following regulations apply to the tachograph and its operation:
Driving time:
Driving time is the time recorded by a recording equipment as driving.
The daily driving time between two daily rest periods must not exceed 9 hours. Twice during a week, the daily driving time can be increased to a maximum of 10 hours. The weekly driving time must not exceed 56 hours. The sum of the driving times in 2 consecutive weeks must not exceed 90 hours.
Driving time without a break:
A driving time without breaks shall not exceed 4.5 hours, after which a continuous break of at least 45 minutes must be taken, unless the driver starts a rest period. This break may be replaced by a break of at least 15 minutes, followed by a break of at least 30 minutes spread over the driving period. The order of the breaks cannot be swapped. For two-man operation, the break can be taken in a moving vehicle. The driver must not perform any driving or other work during this break.
Rest period:
Within any period of 24 hours after the end of the previous daily or weekly rest period, the driver must have taken a regular daily rest period of at least 11 consecutive hours (regular daily rest period). The regular daily rest period can be taken in 2 periods, the first of which must be at least 3 consecutive hours and the second at least 9 consecutive hours. The rest period can be reduced to at least 9 consecutive hours (reduced daily rest period) up to 3 times between two weekly rest periods. If there are multiple drivers in the vehicle, each driver must have a daily rest period of at least 9 consecutive hours within a 30-hour period. A regular daily rest period taken while accompanying a vehicle on board a ferry or train shall not be interrupted more than twice by other activities for a total of more than one hour. The driver must have access to a bunk or berth.
For two consecutive weeks, the driver must take at least:
a) 2 regular weekly rest periods of at least 45 hours each; or
b) a regular weekly rest period of at least 45 hours and a reduced weekly rest period of at least 24 hours. The reduced time, e.g. 21 hours (regular weekly rest of 45 hours minus reduced weekly rest of 24 hours) must be compensated with an equivalent rest to be taken in total within three weeks after the end of the week in question.
Rest taken as compensation for reduced weekly rest must be taken in continuation of another rest period of at least 9 hours. In the example of a reduced weekly rest period of 24 hours, the compensation must be at least 30 hours (reduction of 21 hours plus 9 hours). A weekly rest period must start no later than the end of 6 consecutive 24-hour periods after the end of the previous weekly rest period. Daily rest periods and reduced weekly rest periods taken away from home may be taken in the vehicle if it is equipped with adequate sleeping facilities for each driver and the vehicle is stationary. The back of the chart sheet is only filled out in the event of a device malfunction or in the event of a change to another vehicle.
1. Fill in the diagram sheet before starting to drive:
2. Last name and first name.
3. Country where the trip begins.
4. Date of the start of the trip.
5. registration number
6. The chart disc ends on return home:
7. Place where the trip ends.
8.Date of the end of the trip,
9. Mileage at the end of the trip.
Use of the recording equipment:
The recording equipment can be either analog with a diagram sheet or digital with a tachograph card. Analog recording equipment records the driver's activities on a chart sheet. A digital recording equipment records the driver's activities partly on a tachograph card and partly in the recording equipment. In certain special cases, such as damage or theft of the tachograph card, it may be necessary to use a printout from the digital recording equipment to record the driver's activities. Chart sheets/tachograph cards must be used every day from the moment the vehicle is taken over until the end of the daily work period. If chart sheets are used, a sheet that fits the recording device must be used. This is ensured by looking at the printed numbers on the back of the chart sheet, where one number must correspond to the number on the recording equipment nameplate.
Before inserting the record sheet into the recording equipment, the driver must write the following information on the sheet in a legible and clear manner:
a) Surname and first name. Initials are not sufficient and a stamp shall not be used.
(b) Date and place of departure. Start location can be indicated either by country code (e.g. DK) or country (e.g. Denmark) or city name (e.g. Esbjerg).
c) Registration number of the vehicle to be used. When changing vehicles during the work period, the registration number of each subsequent vehicle must be entered in sequence on the back of the sheet.
d) Mileage at the start time. When changing vehicles during the work period, the final mileage of the first vehicle must be entered on the front and the starting mileage of the new vehicle must be entered on the back together with the new registration number.
e) Time of change of vehicle. The time shall be indicated on the back of the record sheet.
The end date, end location and mileage must be recorded on the record sheet when it is no longer used. The driver must operate the recording equipment setting buttons so that all time groups (driving time, other work, availability and rest) are recorded and the driver's activities can be clearly seen on the tachograph chart/data on the tachograph card and in the digital recording equipment and on any printouts. The chart sheet may only be replaced at the end of the daily work period. However, the chart sheet may be removed when changing vehicles or when the chart sheet is not expected to be used further in the same vehicle. The tachograph card may only be removed at the end of the daily work period. However, the tachograph card can be removed when changing vehicles or when the tachograph card is not expected to be used again in the same vehicle. The tachograph card may remain in the recording equipment for a maximum of 24 hours. The record sheet and driver card and all manual registrations and printouts for the day in question and the previous 28 calendar days must be carried with you while driving and must be presented to the police on request. If the recording equipment malfunctions or fails to function properly, the driver must record on the record sheet or on a special sheet attached to either the record sheet or tachograph card all the information that the recording equipment would otherwise have recorded.
Slice showing a typical working day!
a) The driver inserts the disk when taking over the vehicle (commenced registration). Last name and first name, place of departure (nationality letters), vehicle registration number, date and odometer reading are recorded.
b) The needle records the day's driving (speed and any stops (loading and unloading) and any stops in traffic).
c) Break for at least 15 min. (Always taken as 1st break).
d) Break for at least 30 min. (Always taken as a 2nd break) (The two breaks could also be taken as a single break of at least 45 minutes). Then drive again for a maximum total of 4.5 hours. (Normally maximum driving time 9 hours per day).
e) Twice a week, one extra driving hour can be driven. Please note that an extra break of at least 45 minutes must be taken beforehand (10 hours can be driven twice a week).
The disc (chart sheet) is taken at the earliest at the end of working hours, when changing vehicles or after 24 hours.
The driver enters the end location, date and odometer reading and finally calculates the number of kilometers driven. (The disc is brought for the driving day and the previous 28 calendar days and then handed in to the employer).
Note: When resting the vehicle, it is recommended that a disc starts with rest (normally 11 hours). The digital tachograph records the driver's driving in the same way as the analog control device.
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Cat. B+ and BE - Section 7
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